Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction To Biology
1.1 Study of Biology
1.2 Scientific Investigation

Chapter 2: Cell Structure and Cell Organisation
2.1 Cell Structure and Function
2.2 Cell Organisation
2.3 Uniqueness of a cell

Chapter 3: Movement of Substances across the Plasma Membrane
3.1 Movement of Substances across the Plasma Membrane
3.2 Movement of Substances across the Plasma Membrane in Everyday Life
3.3 Appreciating the Movement of Substances across the Plasma Membrane

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
4.1 Chemical Composition of the cell
4.2 Carbohydrates
4.3 Proteins
4.4 Lipids
4.5 Enzymes
4.6 The Importance of Chemical Composition in Cells

Chapter 5: Cell Division
5.1 Mitosis
5.2 Meiosis
5.3 Appreciating the Movement of Chromosomes During Mitosis and Meiosis

Chapter 6: Nutrition
6.1 Types of Nutrition
6.2 Balanced Diet
6.3 Malnutrition
6.4 Food Digestion
6.5 Absorbtion and Assimilation of Digested Food
6.6 Formation of Feaces and Defecation
6.7 Evaluating Eating Habits
6.8 The Importance of a Healthy Digestive System
6.9 The Importance of Macronutrients and Mucronutrients in Plants
6.10 Photosynthesis
6.11 The Mechanism of Photosynthesis
6.12 Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
6.13 A Caring Attitudes towards Plants
6.14 Technology Used in Food Production
6.15 Technological Development in Food Processing

Chapter 7: Respiration
7.1 The Respiratory Process in Energy Production
7.2 The Respiratoey Structures and Breathing Mechanisms in Humans and Animals
7.3 Gaseous Exchange across the Respiratory Surfaces and Transport of Gases in Humans
7.4 The Regulatory Mechanism in Respiration
7.5 The Importance of Maintaining a Healthy Respiratory System
7.6 Respiration in Plants

Chapter 8: Dynamic Ecosystem
8.1 The Abiotic and Biotic Components in the Environment
8.2 The Processes of Colonisation and Seccession in an Ecosystem
8.3 Population Ecology
8.4 Biodiversity
8.5 The Impact of Microorganisms on Life
8.6 Appreciating Biodiversity

Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
9.1 Human Activities that Endangered an Ecosystem
9.2 Greenhouse Effect and Thinning of the Ozone Layer
9.3 The Importance of Proper Management of Development Activities and the Ecosystem